I know of only one duty, and that is to love.

English as a Second Language Playground
1


I know of only one duty, and that is to love.


But what is happiness except the simple harmony between a man and the life he leads?

Albert Camus :™ THE STRANGER

MOTHER died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I can’t be sure. … When we lived together, Mother was always watching me, but we hardly ever talked. …So far as I knew, my mother, though not a professed atheist, had never given a thought to religion in her life. … “It’s a tumor she has, poor thing.”
I looked at her more carefully and I noticed that she had a bandage round her head,
just below her eyes …he proposed bringing me a mug of café au lait. As I am very partial to café au lait I said, “Thanks,” and a few minutes later he came back with a tray. I drank the coffee,and then I wanted a cigarette. But I wasn’t sure if I should smoke, under the circumstances—in Mother’s presence. I thought it over; really, it didn’t seem to matter, so I offered the keeper a cigarette, and we both smoked.

2,part.

At the trial, Meursault’s quietness and passivity is seen as demonstrative of his seeming lack of remorse or guilt by the prosecuting attorney, and so the attorney concentrates more upon Meursault’s inability or unwillingness to cry at his mother’s funeral than on the actual murder.

Meursault had been condemned to death.

In prison, while awaiting the execution of his death sentence by the guillotine, Meursault meets with a chaplain, but rejects his proffered opportunity of turning to God, explaining that God is a waste of his time.

2

My husband has been ill for 16 years. It is a COPD which incurable, it is worse than the cancer because the cancer sometimes curable. For 16 years he was coughing but he seemed to be very well. His friends told him swearing words:" Lajos, you can’t be ill you are looking very well." When he has 70.birthday he told a speech about what their friends told him. And spiced with his sufferings. Everybody laughed. It was incredible that he is ill. But his capacity of lungs became less and less. There is a number 30 and if the patient reaches 30 he can die any day it isn’t sure that he suffocates, but perhaps his blood circulation collapses or working of the kidneys stops, or embolism.

So he reached the 28. His appearance didn’t change only he lost 10 kilos. He began to cough more. The pneumonias came one after the other. In a year he took antibiotics for three weeks or for 6 weeks he had about a break of one week and everything began again. He took more antibiotics what I could imagine that a human being can take.

And he could paint, he could read, his memory is good till today, whereas the lack of oxygen could damage the brain.

I decided long time ago that I don’t want to survive his death. I collected the pills against vomiting for fear vomiting them, about 100 or more sleeping pills. I have a very good friend who told me that the best something against blood clotting I get it prescribed. The first two was always on me and now I have three .

The problem not only COPD but it has complications, in the heart the left side muscles of the heart is getting thicker this causes a pulmonic high blood pressure and the others that as he couldn’t spit mucus from the lungs because of his emphysema in the mucus the bacteria begin to multiply. His bacteria: The Pseudomonas aeruginosa . The doctors are unable to kill them. This bacteria is deadly but the COPD and his heart are deadly.

The last week - I don’t know why his specialist told him that he should give up the steroids. Our family doctor -who is our friend also- she said:" Lajos you never give up the steroids." But my husband believed very much in his specialist and he gave up.

He soon became very feeble, he can’t walk in the flat either only if I supported him and he became more and more helpless, he took the oxygen moaning. On Sunday evening he told me that he couldn’t live to see the morning. If he didn’t say this I saw. I saw his last stadium came. What to do? He forbade me to call doctors or ambulance “They can’t do with me anything on Sunday evening.” And I found out something “try to take a steroid” but I didn’t believe in anything. I very quickly opened my medicines I put them in three glass because I knew if he died I have to do other things, so I prepared the medicines what I have been kept for a longtime. I didn’t sleep at night I was there and he very difficultly breathed but sometimes I didn’t hear his breath and I believed that he died. I touched his hand because my friend told me that his husband when he died his hand became cold very quickly. But his hand was warm, this was the single sign that he is alive. And in the morning the miracle happened he could go to the bathroom without help.

Then he phoned to his doctor who said to him that he continues to take steroids. Today is Wednesday and he is better, this doesn’t mean that he could live without his Oxygen-tank and I bought to him a small bottle of oxygen because he can’t live without them, for example in the bathroom or in the kitchen there isn’t oxygen-tank

He tolerates every suffering only to remain in life. Today he began to organize his last exposition. He asked one of his students to help him. He said to him: “Master, this is a good idea because the new generation since the change-over they don’t know your paintings” He wanted to come at our place immediately, but we told him only tomorrow because we had to go to the dentist because one of his teeth had been extracted.

This “old” student is very sure that he will organize his exhibition if he died meantime.

So we were at the death door. My husband is incredible because when he is better he weaves plans not only in the short run, but in the long run.

3

Kati,

Is this a true story? Are you taking about your life? Please write to me.

Cheers,

Hannah

4

I have some friends here on the Forum, but I have one who is the best. He is a good husband, a good father of his four daughters, and he became a good friend of mine. I don’t reveal his name, but he was aware that what was my plan. He tried to convince me not to do it. Here, some fragments of his letters.

xxx
Dear Kati!

Thanks for the letter, I really needed it wholeheartedly and I appreciate your desire to know, who your correspondent is. I personally do have the same attribute, I love to know about everything. I am writing a short answer, tomorrow I am off and promise to write a detailed letter to my dear everlasting friend Kati.

Yours.

xxx

Hello Dear Kati!

I love to talk to you and answer your letters, you are such a special friend to me.
I would never ever can imagine not receiving your letters, I have developed a habit of loving your style of writing and your sincere kindness.

I was born in … and when i was five we migrated to… …… my brothers took me there to get the education. The first I looked at the moon and crying for my mothers two years in …, hundreds of miles away from home, from my mother and father, it was terrible and I vividly remember all the nights, I recall the sentences, I told myself I used to say; 'oh dear moon, i miss my mother and you are our connection because my mother is watching you tonight and you look to my mother as you do to me and i cried and cried and cried.

My childhood memories are terribly painful. We were allowed to come to our homes once a year for two months and then were taken to the same prison for one whole year. How agonizing were the days when i was told that you should gather your personal effects and someone is coming to take you to … .

I finished high school in six years two classes each year. I was a very talented boy by that time, but my family didn’t allowed to me to enter university because they couldn’t afford the tuition. We were 300 hundred students gathered there from different parts of … The organization - i talked about earlier - made us not to believe in any sort of gods and hereafter i had studied a lot in this regard and reached my own personal opinion about the existence and nonexistence of god. I believe that if there is by any chance a god, this entity is not worth praising all the plight we have on earth.
I am a morally responsible person but hate the restrictions religions have created for humans and all the blood being shed by religious extremists throughout the history.

I am looking forward to have your nice letters.

Yours.

xxx

Dear…

I am sitting here and try to write to you. I am very moved from your childhood. Believe me that I imagined something similar about your childhood than my childhood used to be. Playing with your friends, tricks what you used to make everywhere in the school also.

Dear…, I admit that I am crying in my soul. I see you, a 5 year-old little boy who had to migrate. I can imagine you in the tent as you look at the moon and crying for your mother. I was 16 when I had to leave my family and I changed from a cheerful child a sad young girl.

I remember very well that summer when …tragedy happened in your country. We didn’t understand why. Excuse me that I had asked this question. I didn’t want to remind you those painful years.
It’s very good that I can imagine you, that you showed your portrait for a while, so I can see your face. I was sure when I saw your photo that you are a very talented, interesting man today also. I already told you several times that your style reveals lot. There is a saying in Hungary and I think this is true: the style is the men himself; or I can translate in other way the style reveals the person oneself.

Dear …, I hope that after this childhood your life will be better and better. I wish you the best.

Take care:
Kati
xxx

Me.

Dear…

I believed you: some quotes from you:
-tomorrow i am off and promise to write a detailed letter to my dear everlasting friend Kati.

  • you are such a special friend to me.
    -I love you as much as i do my mother.
    -let me enjoy having peace of mind, you are great dear Kati and shouldn’t bother yourself worry about other’s remarks
    -there are lot of similar ones what I believed.

Your letters made me believe that you are a sincere man. I knew what means to be a migrant because my beloved grandfather lived in emigration for 30 years. He never could get over these 30 years. I know what you felt when you had to leave his parents and I know what you feel now when you rather stay in migration than to go home, and to throw yourself on your relatives’ mercy.

XXXX

Dear…, you are one of my best friends who is always reliable. We know each other from our letters. I know your children and your affection towards your family. You know now from this “associations” also – but I wrote to you about it that my daughter, my very beloved daughter, she went away to the faraway America. Her children, my grand-children don’t speak Hungarian. I learned in some degree in English for that I can speak to them, but the truth I speak to you more than to them.

I don’t want to complain because when we speak to them –very rarely – their look reveals me that they like us. But their love is another love than my grandchildren who live here. And my husband didn’t speak English, and he says if for our daughter wasn’t important to learn them Hungarian for that they can communicate with us then I won’t go out of my ways. I know this a wound inside him but he very rarely tell it .
When children came he can play cards , to play chess with him, he can fish with his grand-son but instead of speaking they are making signs or laughing.

Many thanks for your compliment. But excuse me you are not right. Everybody told me that I was beautiful .There is a time for everything, I think after 70 I could be happy that I can learn, I can provide my family and housework. In the morning when I look at the mirror I can see how I am getting older and older. It is never interested me. This is concomitant of life than the birth and death. As I was in clinically dead, and when the doctor s brought back me into life I was very calm and happy.

There is a saying: Everybody dies to the others, It’s true, because if I die I don’t know what will happen to my husband.

I don’t fear of my death any more. I fear of the death my beloved ones.

Me (I wrote this letter more than one years ago)

I know that my situation isn’t good because my husband says to me that he is better, despite of this I am full of fear. We speak to each other by phone but once he is hopeful and other time it is difficult to hear his voice because he is whispering and I feel that he isn’t hopeful any more. I am looking forward the Friday when he can come home.

This TB sanatorium is a very depressing place, everybody is very ill, and the corridors resound with coughing.

xxxx

(The next letter is an answer that I revealed him that I am unable survive his lost. Unfortunately I don’t find this letter,)

xxx

[b]Dear Kati!

This is not the years in life that counts but the life in years, I am getting older as well everything is born, grow and die eventually, hence be proud of all those marvellous ups and downs of your wonderful life and recall the happy moments while there is a lovely smile dancing on your lips and grant gratefully a shining glow to your experienced eyes and forget the bad ones and let them die in your passive mind. And please never think of death as far as you are gracefully alive, please never give death a second thought,you are and would be yet alive and we would remain staunch friends and who knows maybe i could make it to visit Hungary once and if possible I would do my hardest to materialize this newly born thought in my head.

I owe you an apology for posting sth not appropriate on the public and hope you would forgive me I did think of not doing so, but in the end I did this irrational act, i am sorry and hope you are generous enough to forgive your hundreds of miles away friend.

Yesterday it was raining cats and dogs and when it slow down a little bit i went out for a walk along the street. I love to walk in the rain but it barely rains here and even more I love snow but you won’t believe if i say i haven’t seen more than five or six snow fall in my whole life it is strange isn’t it but I love it I really do when it snows i go out and walk and have the time of my life it is really wonderful to walk in the rain or snow, wish i were born in a country where it rained or snow the whole winter what a great life it would be then.

How was the lunch? Hope you have enjoyed it and wish you a great time.

Yours
[/b]

5

Hello Kati!
This style of writing is so good, because good feelings and emotions are seen in your writing.

6

Hello Asif,

Many thanks. I really don’t know what to say to you. I can say that you are -Thanks God - so young as my granddaughter, so I can be your grandmother also. You are in the same age than her because she will be 19 in July, and you are also over 18. It would be very difficult to explain to you that this writing had been created in my very bad period. Don’t care about it! C’est la vie. This is a French saying, the French people say almost every day when something god or bad happens to them. In English:
that’s life; /such is life

Bye:
Kati

7

Today I bumped into these pictures.

Kerouac: On the road. It was published in 1957. I couldn’t read it only much later.They say about him that he was the avatar of the ‘beat’ generation. I say it was in the air this new style of life. I used to live in a little town in Hungary, but the Cold War of the 50’s and the Iron Curtain left their marks on us. Before Kerouac. J. D. Salinger:The Catcher in the Rye was a novel which was similar success than On the road. These books went from hand to hand and helped to influence the agreement of the youth of 50’s. In music the chain we can begin with Afro-Americain blues, the ragtime, the jazz before the war and after the war. The blues’ and gospel’s effect can’t be forgotten. Little Richard or Mahalia Jackson etc. After Elvis Presley ,John Lennon told that without him the Beatles would have been another music.

Yes, I lived in the Beatles decade, I am one member of this generation. I’ve known them, I’ve loved them, but I’ve never been among them who were whipped into a frenzy when they saw or listened to them. I watched the film of A Hard Day’s Night, I didn’t throw away their discs I 've kept them till today, but lately if I feel like to listen one of their songs there is the You Tube. But my life wasn’t determined by the Beatles decade.Probably it influenced me, but the desire of freedom appeared in me in 1956 and that’s why in the first anniversary of the 1956 revolution I had been kicked out from all of the high schools of the country. My poor parents had to appeal to a higher court, and in this way I had to left my home because they considered the claim an I had ben kicked out only the high schools of the county.

Lately,I turned towards the French literature which left the greatest effect on me.As Albert Camus and François Mauriac or the Czech Franz Kafka or the Russian literature which I began to read in the beginning in the 50’s and I was reading them all my life expect this period that I began to learn English. Since I didn’t read only a few Hungarian novels as Imre Kertész: Fatelessness.

8

Hi Kati,

“Today I came across these pictures”.

‘Bumped into’ doesn’t work with inanimate objects unless you have literally bumped them.

9

Many thanks Bez.

Only I see that come across has several meanings. What I am writing not to you to myself , it might as well remember them.

What you had written:
come across somebody/something [no passive] = to meet or find somebody/something by chance
I came across children sleeping under bridges.
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.

but other meanings of come across
1.come across (also come over)
A. to be understood
He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across.

B. to make a particular impression
She comes across well in interviews.
He came over as a sympathetic person.

2.come across (with something) [no passive]=to provide or supply something when you need it
-I hoped she’d come across with some more information.

Many thanks again:
Kati

10

What is the difference bump into sb and come across sb/sth

bump into somebody (informal) to meet somebody by chance
I bumped into Simon this morning.

come across somebody/something [no passive] to meet or find somebody/something by chance
I came across children sleeping under bridges.
She came across some old photographs in a drawer.
Both means meeting by chance but I bumped into a person while I came across a person or an object by chance.

I came across a word I’d never seen before.
Have you ever come across such a horrible person in all your life?

11

A beautiful details:

But the poet remains an outsider, as he must, according to Coleridge, doomed to see what others cannot: “And close your eyes with holy dread, For he on honey dew hath fed, And drunk the milk of Paradise”"

12

What I’ve just read it is connected to this theme what I had written. Creativity and the dream.
Paul McCartney, famous songwriter and member of one of the most popular bands of all time, the Beatles, wrote the song ‘Yesterday’’ after hearing it in a dream:
Paul:"I woke up with a lovely tune in my head. I thought, 'That’s great, I wonder what that is.There was an upright piano next to me, to the right of the bed by the window.I got out of bed, sat at the piano, found G, found F sharp minor seventh and that leads you through then to B to E minor, and finally back to E. It all leads forward logically.I liked the melody a lot, but because I’d dreamed it, I couldn’t believe I’d written it. I thought,“No, I’ve never written anything like this before.But I had the tune, which was the most magical thing”
youtube.com/watch?v=6tvGM8Qddpk
Other people who are famous that they had a dream about their future invention.

Have you heard of Frankenstein? Well, in 1816, Mary Shelley, the author of this famous horror story, visited the poet Lord Byron at his villa beside Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Rain and wind kept them indoors most of the time, so they amused themselves by reading an old book of ghost stories.

One evening, Byron challenged his guests to each write one themselves. According to Shelley, she had a vivid dream about a character that later became the monster in her book Frankenstein:
Mary Shelley: When I placed my head upon my pillow, I did not sleep, nor could I be said to think. I saw with shut eyes, but acute mental vision — I saw the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together.I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion"
(From the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley in which a scientist called Frankenstein makes a creature from pieces of dead bodies and brings it to life.)

Nineteenth century chemist Dimitri Mendeleev also was inspired by a dream. He fell asleep as music was being played in the next room. As he dreamed, it became understood to him that the basic chemical elements are all related to each other in a manner similar to the themes and phrases in music. He awoke, and he was able to write out for the first time the entire periodic table, which forms the basis of modern chemistry.

b] Albert Einstein [/b] worked out his principle of relativity after dreaming about sledding on a mountainside. Elias Howe found the solution to a problem he was having with his invention, the sewing machine, in a dream.

And Samuel Taylor Coleridge claimed to have visualized his famous poem, Kubla Kahn, in a dream, but was interrupted by a visitor from Porlock while in the process of writing it.Kubla Khan, only fifty four lines long, was never completed.And on a side note, ‘Person from Porlock’, is today a literary reference to unwanted intruders.Kubla Kahn may not be the complete version that Coleridge had dreamed about, but it is one of the most famous poems in literature. You see, dreams can inspire creativity which leads to greatness.Anyone can learn to use them for inspiration.Kubla Khan, only fifty four lines long, was never completed. (from: Englishtown)

youtube.com/watch?v=QGO6DbUkK2w

“Coleridge claimed that the poem was inspired by an opium-induced dream (implicit in the poem’s subtitle A Vision in a Dream) but that the composition was interrupted by a person from Porlock. Some have speculated that the vivid imagery of the poem stems from a waking hallucination albeit, most likely, opium-induced. Additionally a quotation from William Bartram is believed to have been a source of the poem.”
from Wikipedia: Kubla Khan

There are many other instances of dreams inspiring creativity.

I think these examples prove for me the inspiring dreams come to the people who are concerned with this question in their every waking moment. As Paul McCartney dreamed about a tune of music, Einstein stroke out the principle of relativity, Coleridge dreamed about a poem, Mendeleev -I am sure -that he was searching what could be system among the elements in the world. Mendeleev also predicted some properties/distinctiveness of then-unknown elements that would be expected to fill gaps in this table

His first table:

his table of nowadays:

Franklinia alatamaha by William Bartram (1782).American naturalist

13

Who knows Alexander Blok, the Russian poet? He occurred to my mind when I wrote about Mendeleev because I knew that his wife was Mendeleev’s daughter, Lyubov (Lyuba) Dmitrievna Mendeleeva. He died very young. I knew that he died of hunger but according to Wikipedia it isn’t true. He was a very good poet. And I had seen a pic of his wife. Lyuba when she was young and she was very beautiful. I didn’t find this pic. Perhaps this one is similar to that what I had seen.

Later the suffering left its traits on her face. Blok who came from an aristocrat family became poor and ill. From poetry it isn’t easy to become rich.

During the last period of his life, Blok emphasized political themes, pondering the messianic destiny of his country . Influenced by Solovyov’s (philosopher) doctrines, he had vague apocalyptic apprehensions and often vacillated between hope and despair. “I feel that a great event was coming, but what it was exactly was not revealed to me”.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_S … hilosopher

Solovjov was in the beginning nihilist. He was against the positivists and he dfiscredited Aristotle’s essentialism or philosophical realism. He was also a friend and confidant of Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Solovyov died an apparently homeless pauper. His influence: Solovyov was one of the sources for Dostoyevsky’s characters Alyosha Karamazov and Ivan Karamazov from The Brothers Karamazov.Solovyov’s influence can also be seen in the writings of the Symbolist and Neo-Idealist of the later Russian Soviet era. His book The Meaning of Love can be seen as one of the philosophical sources of Leo Tolstoy’s The Kreutzer Sonata (1889). This was also the work where he introduced the concept of ‘syzygy’, to denote ‘close union’

Blok complained to Maksim Gorky that his “faith in the wisdom of humanity” had ended.
Gorky pleaded for a visa. On 29 May 1921, he wrote to Anatoly Lunacharsky (ministry of culture): “Blok is Russia’s finest poet. If you forbid him to go abroad, and he dies, you and your comrades will be guilty of his death”. Blok received permission only on 10 August, after his death.His philosophy influenced Sergey Bulgakov, Russian Symbolists, namely Andrei Belyi, Alexander Blok.

Details of his poems on the Wikipedia page.

His short poems.

ALEXANDER BLOK (1880-1921)

The city sleeps, wrapped in a haze,
The streetlights that barely glimmer.
Beyond the Neva River’s distance
I see dawn’s early mirrored light.
And in that far removed reflection,
And in those shimmerings of fire
A dim awareness dawns of hidden,
My dreary days and gloomy nights.

                                         23 August 1899






                          There is a man in flames.
                                                        Fet

How difficult it is to walk among people
While pretending not to have been killed,
And on the tragic play staged by desires
Lecture those who’ve yet to begin to live.

And scrutinizing your daily nightmare
Find structure in feelings’ confused whirl
So that you may in art’s pale glimmer
Decipher this life’s devastating fire.

                                         10 May 1910

As from the void – a blue fountain
Of light splashed forth.
Our heads raised up to the mountain –
And it has fled north,
Scattered above the black distance
In golden hues,
And here, again, an arch, a spiral,
A sphere, a swirl,
In green, yellow, fire-red, sky-blue –
Night’s lights go on…
And, having stirred for no reason,
Wither from view.

                                         October 1913

P.s: It is true that he died of hunger. Now I’ve just read his biography and this sentence: “Victor Serge claimed that Blok’s death was brought about by the food shortages in Russia during the Civil War.
Victor Serge argued that: “Blok was a gentlemanly Westerner, rather like an Englishman, blue-eyed and with a long, serious face that hardly ever smiled. He was was restrained in his gestures, with a fine dignity about him. Ever since the rise of Symbolism, fifteen years ago, he had been the foremost Russian poet.””

14

The great Depression before the WWII What can we learn from this?

A day known as Black Tuesday.The biggest crash and subsequent economic depression of the 20th Century began on October the 29th 1929…Share values across the world dropped hugely, and people began selling their shares in a desperate bid to avoid losing the money they had invested.This only served to force share prices even lower. Banks had been investing the savings of their account holders in the stock market.

When the crash hit, millions of ordinary people found their savings were now worthless as the banks no longer had the money. As a reaction to this, a series of bank runs took place. Members of the public tried to withdraw their money from their accounts before there was none left. America was affected greatly by the crisis. Within the first two months after the crash, stockholders had lost more than forty billion dollars.

744 US banks failed in the first ten months of 1930…A total of nine thousand banks failed during the entire decade. Consumer spending reduced dramatically, and prices fell accordingly. Businesses went bankrupt. Unemployment soared.

Unemployment in America rose to 25%% during the Depression and of course, all the people who were out of work were unable to spend much money, causing the depression to get even worse. U S President Franklin D.Roosevelt initiated a policy which came to be known as, The New Deal, in an attempt to restart the economy through a sequence of programs including the creation of four million construction jobs in poor rural areas and smaller communities. Eventually the Depression ended as countries began preparing for the Second World War and millions of jobs were created in the munitions industries and national militaries. What can we learn from this?

Firstly, excessive debt causes huge problems, both for the individual and for society.
Secondly, banks need to be responsible and take good care of the money they have been entrusted with.
And last, although it seems counter intuitive, the best thing we can do to get the economy going again is spend, and invest!

15

Words and expressions from Oxford Dictionary.

the Great Depression

(also the Depression)

the period of severe economic failure in most countries of the world that lasted from 1929 until World War II. It began in the US when the New York Stock Exchange fell on 29 October 1929, known as Black Tuesday. Many businesses and banks failed, and millions of people lost their jobs. President Franklin D Roosevelt improved the situation with his New Deal policy, but the Great Depression was only ended by industrial production for the war.

Black Tuesday

(in the US) the name given to 29 October 1929, the day on which the New York Stock Exchange lost $9 billion. It was the beginning of the Great Depression. When another large loss occurred on 19 October 1987, the day was called Black Monday.

crash
in finance/business
a sudden serious fall in the price or value of something; the occasion when a business, etc. fails
SYNONYM collapse
the 1987 stock market crash

subsequent ADJ.(formal)= happening or coming after something else
ˈsʌbsɪkwənt ˈsʌbsɪkwənt

OPPOSITE previous
subsequent generations
Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a subsequent report.
subsequent events
subsequent upon = it results in
subsequent to PREP.=after; following
-There have been further developments subsequent to our meeting.

subsequently ADV.(formal) =afterwards; later; after something else has happened
ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli
-The original interview notes were subsequently lost.
-Subsequently, new guidelines were issued to all employees.
-He subsequently became chairman of the party.
desperet (adj)=giving little hope of success; tried when everything else has failed
[usually before noun] (of an action)
a desperate bid for freedom
She clung to the edge in a desperate attempt to save herself.
His increasing financial difficulties forced him to take desperate measures.
Doctors were fighting a desperate battle to save the little girl’s life.

bid = an offer of price (here)
-selling their shares in a desperate bid to avoid losing the money they had invested.

holder (n)
ˈhəʊldə® ˈhoʊldər

(often in compounds)

a person who has or owns the thing mentioned
a licence holder
a season ticket holder
an account holder = who has an account
a job holder
the current holder of the world record (actual holder)
holders of high office
the holder of a French passport

season ticket (n)
a ticket that you can use many times within a particular period, for example on a regular train or bus journey, or for a series of games, and that costs less than paying separately each time
an annual/a monthly/a weekly season ticket
a season ticket holder

license (n)
ˈlaɪsns ˈlaɪsns
(North American English)= licence
a driver’s license
a license for the softwarea license holder (= a person who has been given a license)

change
fn [UK: tʃeɪndʒ] [US: ˈtʃeɪndʒ]=
=exchange
fn [UK: ɪkˈstʃeɪndʒ] [US: ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ]
house
fn [UK: haʊz] [US: ˈhaʊs]
stock market (n)

As a reaction to this, a series of bank runs took place.= its turn come

[transitive] withdraw something (from something)
-to take money out of a bank account
-I’d like to withdraw £250 please.

stockholder (n)(US) shareholder (UK)
ˈstɒkhəʊldə® ˈstɑːkhoʊldər
(especially North American English)

a person who owns stocks and shares in a business

fail(v) (I)
of company/business
=to be unable to continue
Several banks failed during the recession.

recession (n) [countable, uncountable]
=a difficult time for the economy of a country, when there is less trade and industrial activity than usual and more people are unemployed

-the impact of the current recession on manufacturing
-The economy is in deep recession.
-policies to pull the country out of recession
-These industries have been hard hit by recession.

go bankrupt = go to ruin = go broke = go smash etc.

Unemployment soared.= it rose very quickly

New Deal

1 the New Deal
the programme begun by US President Franklin D Roosevelt in the 1930s to end the Great Depression. It introduced new economic and social measures, and made the national government more powerful. New organizations were created to manage it, including the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Works Progress Administration and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Some people criticized the New Deal for being too expensive and for giving too much power to the government.
Compare Square Deal
2
(in Britain) a government programme that helps people who have been unemployed and claiming benefits (= money from the state) for longer than six months to find employment. It also helps disabled people return to work, as well as the partners of people claiming benefits. The programme provides training, advice and help in starting a business.

the Square Deal

the political programme of US President Theodore Roosevelt. He wanted to give fair treatment to all Americans, and a main part of this was his antitrust legislation.
Compare Fair Deal Compare New Deal

trust= a group of companies that work together illegally to reduce competition, control prices, etc
anti-trust laws

failure(n)(U)=lack of success in doing or achieving something/OPPOSITE success
the problems of economic failure and increasing unemployment
of business
failure [countable, uncountable] business failure
a situation in which a business has to close because it is not successful
an alarming increase in business failures

Eventually the Depression ended as countries began preparing for the Second World War and millions of jobs were created in the munitions industries and national militaries.

munitions (n) (pl)
mjuːˈnɪʃnz mjuːˈnɪʃnz

military weapons, ammunition and equipment
a shortage of munitions
a munitions factory

munition (adj) before noun
munition-factory
[UK: mjuːˈnɪʃən ˈfæktəri]
[US: mjuːˈnɪʃən ˈfæktəri]

munition-worker
[UK: mjuːˈnɪʃən ˈwɜːkə]
[US: mjuːˈnɪʃən ˈwɜːrkər]

ammunition (n) (U)
ˌæmjuˈnɪʃn ˌæmjuˈnɪʃn
1
a supply of bullets, etc. to be fired from guns
The bandits escaped with a rifle and 120 rounds of ammunition.
2
information that can be used against another person in an argument
-The letter gave her all the ammunition she needed.
-These figures provide political ammunition to police chiefs arguing for more resources.

16

I would like to add to the 13# permalink an opinion about Alexander Blok:

Blok was probably the greatest Russian poet since Pushkin; although internationally less well known than Rilke and Valéry, he is of their stature and importance. He revolutionized the Russian versification by making use of a purely accentual technique. He knew, as so few now know, that only the poetry of suffering – whether it is a poetry of joy or not – can be great. His own poetry, for which he burnt himself out, demonstrates this.

17

Symptoms os stress

Amazingly, when we’re under pressure, our body reacts the same way it did thousands of years ago, when our early ancestors were in danger: the ‘Fight or Flight’’ response. This is when our brain releases chemicals that give us extra strength and speed, so that, in any dangerous situation, we can either stay and fight, or run away. This is called a ‘stress response’, and it can be pretty useful. It doesn’t just help you escape from dangerous situations, it also comes in handy if you’re competing in a sporting event, have an important deadline to meet at work, or are taking an exam. However, the problem is, when we find ourselves in a situation that causes us stress on a regular basis for example worrying about our job, money, family or relationship our brain still produces these ‘Fight or Flight’’ chemicals.

Our heart beats faster, our blood flows more quickly, we feel hot, we sweat and, to save energy, we even stop digesting our food. This, of course, can be bad for our health. In fact, if we suffer from this kind of ‘low level’’ stress over a long period of time, it can make us seriously ill. So, how can you tell if you or someone you know is suffering from stress? Well, there are a number of physical and behavioral symptoms to look out for. Well, there are a number of physical and behavioral symptoms to look out for.

Physical symptoms of stress can include high blood pressure, shortness of breath, chest pains, headaches, muscle pain, insomnia, hair loss and allergies. Behavioral symptoms can vary, but any change in someone’s normal personality, such as greater anxiety, sudden mood swings or an unusually negative outlook on life, can be signs that the person is stressed. Stress can also make existing behavioral problems, like alcohol or substance abuse, worse. Being stressed also means you don’t look after yourself. If you’re stressed out, it’s important to make sure you get enough sleep, take regular breaks, eat and drink healthily and get regular exercise.

Conversely, falling into a cycle of negative lifestyle habits just makes things worse. Despite an increasing number of scientific studies, the link between stress and serious illness is still a controversial one. Not all scientists agree that stress, in itself, causes illness or disease. However, stress has been linked to high cholesterol levels in the blood, gastrointestinal problems and even diabetes. Stress may also put people at greater risk of heart attacks and strokes.

But don’t start getting too stressed out about stress! The most important thing to remember is this: if you live a well balanced life, and that means work life and home life, you can manage your stress levels independently, without any cause for concern.

18

How to reduce stress

There are a wide range of activities you can do to reduce your stress.Do an Internet search and you’ll find hundreds of different websites promising you a magic cure. But sometimes, when it all gets too much, it doesn’t matter how many breathing exercises, back stretches or yoga postures you do, sometimes you just have to get away from it all. If you don’t have the time or money to go on vacation, how about taking up a new sport or hobby, something that gets the adrenalin pumping and keeps the brain active.
Although the feeling of excitement fades some time after you’ve finished, the sense of pride and fulfillment you get from mastering a difficult new skill stays with you for a long time.

This is one of the reasons why people do sports such as skydiving, rock climbing, snowboarding or BASE jumping.
skydiving

rock climbing


snowbording

It adds not just excitement, but the balance, to their lives. Listen to what Gav has to say about it …" I took up rock climbing ten years ago. A friend introduced me to it and, like, even after only my first time, I knew I was gonna be a rock climber all my life. I had this amazing feeling. I know it sounds like a cliché but when I got to the top of the rock, I felt like I was on top of the world.
Mount-Everest

Every ounce of stress and worry in my body had just faded away. It was incredible. And it didn’t end there. I had a smile on my face all week at work. I was more productive, more focused, happier! Of course, you don’t have to confront danger to feel a sense of achievement. Learning any new skill, especially a new skill you’ve always wanted to learn, can boost your self esteem and exercise your brain, both of which help reduce stress. Learning any new skill, especially a new skill you’ve always wanted to learn, can boost your self esteem and exercise your brain, both of which help reduce stress. But what if even this isn’t enough? "

What if you need a real break? Well, here’s what Lily did …

a stressed woman Lily

"I’d just finished a major project at work, and really needed a break. So, I decided to go somewhere quiet, somewhere beautiful, somewhere serene. After doing some research online, I found this small village in the north of Finland where, at night, you could watch the Northern Lights.

I’d always wanted to see them, and the closer you get to the North Pole, the easier it is to do it. Unfortunately, for the first two nights, the visibility was bad, and we couldn’t see anything! However, on the third night, the sky was clear and there it was! The Aurora Borealis!

It was beautiful!

I think about myself that the stress can reduce if I can boost my self esteem.

19

How to reduce stress

There are a wide range of activities you can do to reduce your stress.Do an Internet search and you’ll find hundreds of different websites promising you a magic cure. But sometimes, when it all gets too much, it doesn’t matter how many breathing exercises, back stretches or yoga postures you do, sometimes you just have to get away from it all. If you don’t have the time or money to go on vacation, how about taking up a new sport or hobby, something that gets the adrenalin pumping and keeps the brain active.
Although the feeling of excitement fades some time after you’ve finished, the sense of pride and fulfillment you get from mastering a difficult new skill stays with you for a long time.

This is one of the reasons why people do sports such as skydiving, rock climbing, snowboarding or BASE jumping.
skydiving

rock climbing


snowbording

It adds not just excitement, but the balance, to their lives. Listen to what Gav has to say about it …" I took up rock climbing ten years ago. A friend introduced me to it and, like, even after only my first time, I knew I was gonna be a rock climber all my life. I had this amazing feeling. I know it sounds like a cliché but when I got to the top of the rock, I felt like I was on top of the world.
Mount-Everest

Every ounce of stress and worry in my body had just faded away. It was incredible. And it didn’t end there. I had a smile on my face all week at work. I was more productive, more focused, happier! Of course, you don’t have to confront danger to feel a sense of achievement. Learning any new skill, especially a new skill you’ve always wanted to learn, can boost your self esteem and exercise your brain, both of which help reduce stress. Learning any new skill, especially a new skill you’ve always wanted to learn, can boost your self esteem and exercise your brain, both of which help reduce stress. But what if even this isn’t enough? "

What if you need a real break? Well, here’s what Lily did …

a stressed woman Lily

"I’d just finished a major project at work, and really needed a break. So, I decided to go somewhere quiet, somewhere beautiful, somewhere serene. After doing some research online, I found this small village in the north of Finland where, at night, you could watch the Northern Lights.

I’d always wanted to see them, and the closer you get to the North Pole, the easier it is to do it. Unfortunately, for the first two nights, the visibility was bad, and we couldn’t see anything! However, on the third night, the sky was clear and there it was! The Aurora Borealis!

It was beautiful!

I think about myself that the stress can reduce if I can boost my self esteem.

20

Dear Bez,

Please delete me this last posts. I am very sorry that but its writing took me a half an hour but to send it has taken me one hour and when I became impatient I clicked to send again, and it went through twice. I tried to delete it took me more half an hour, but I am unable to delete it. There is some problem to send letters.

Many thanks in advance:
Kati

P.s: I am sitting here and this short letter don’t want to go through.