when not actually confounded with it.

English as a Second Language English Vocabulary, Grammar and Idioms
1

Any inventory of the traces of Latin in Western civilization has to start with school. Until the 1960s the world of education was closely associated with Latin, when not actually confounded with it.

What does “when not actually confounded with it” mean?

2

‘When not actually confused by it.’
The writer is suggesting that the usage of Latin in the world of education sometimes caused more confusion than anything else.