“rapid advances” is more likely than “the rapid advances” (though the latter is possible if referring to some previously mentioned advances). There seems no reason to exclude women from this sentence.
In terms of correctness of English, yes. There are faint differences in meaning. The version with “whatever” implies that all aspirations (not just many) were hindered, and is vaguer about their original existence. Also, the second version obviously mentions “goals”, which the first doesn’t. However, the basic gist is the same.