Though she acknowledges that modern farming practices

Though she acknowledges that modern farming practices are more efficient than traditional agriculture, she nonetheless argues that this difference represents no real progress. Perhaps more worrying, however, is her insistence that similar claims can be advanced regarding the treatment of farmers by an often iniquitous social hierarchy.

Hello!

Could someone please explain me the underlined sentence?

Let’s try: She admits that modern farming is more efficient than it used to be say, 100 years ago. At the same time, she doesn’t see any real progress in agriculture (she may point to the fact that people pay their price using more nitrates, pesticides etc to increase its productivity). She insists (and that worries the authors even more) that if you take into account the low status farmers have in modern society, you could find more arguments supporting her ’no real progress’ claims.