“A world of X” sounds right; “the world of a(n) X” sounds odd to me, but I believe some people (very few I think) might use it, with the same meaning. “A world of a(n) X” is also used, by a few people, same meaning - but “a world of X” is by far the most common phrase. I’d not be surprised if Bee called the other ones wrong (and I’d support that).
Now that everyone has accepted that the usual expression is ‘a world of difference’, let’s go to the meaning. It is another way of saying a huge/an enormous difference.