[size=150][color=blue]Subject + [color=darkred]to have + [color=green] past participle[/size]
The past participle
When employing [color=darkblue]regular verbs, you just have to add [color=darkblue]‘–ed’ to the infinitive.
Examples:
to close – closed, to call – called, to cook – cooked
When employing [color=red]irregular verbs, you take the [color=green]past participle – usually the third form listed.
Examples:
to write – written, to take – taken, to bring – brought
So a Present Perfect sentence looks like following:
I have closed the door. You have called the doctor. He has cooked dinner. She has written an article. It has taken the newspaper. We have brought a present. You have watched TV. They have worked hard.
When to use the Present Perfect
There are several words that indicate the use of Present Perfect, such as ‘yet’ ‘not…yet’ ‘since’ ‘for’ ‘already’ ‘just’ ‘ever’ .
You employ this tense when you want to show that the incident you describe has happened in the past and is still the case now. The exact time is not important.
Example: He has already been to London.
–> which means: he went to London at sometime in the past and today he can still say: ‘I have been to London.’
Or: She has lived in Japan for twelve years.
–> which means: she went to Japan sometime in the past and is still living there. The action started in the past and has not finished yet.
The tense you have employed in the second sentence it the Present Perfect Progressive or Continuous, yes.
Both of these tenses actually mean the same. The only difference is the following:
In the second sentence you focus on the process - the dancing is important and the duration is underlined, since it is a continuous form, whereas
in the first sentence you simply express that at the time you speak the person has danced for 30min.
The examples you have given are the Present Perfect Simple of the verb ‘be’. In the same way also my previous sentence uses the Present Perfect Simple of ‘have’.
One of the devices I used when I was classroom teaching to explain the Present Perfect Continuous was to refer to it as the ‘umbrella’ tense. In other words it covers three times: the past, the present and the future as in: I have been learning French for 5 years. This means I started 5 years ago (past). I am learning it now (the present) and I am going to continue learning it (future).
Please one anwwer more, now i thinks these sentences are persent perfect tenses in active phrase but i suspect that these fill the criteria of persent perfect tenses i.e. (The present perfect tense is a perfect tense used to express action that has been completed with respect to the present)
I really absorb this lesson.
But does it always have to use present perfect tense when we use some word such as already, yet… I mean when we communicate with people.
In my country, some people communicate and use the word “already” as always. They use it for some tense not PP. is this formal english? or its just for talking.!
