Past participle, simple past tense and past perfect tense

sometimes i cannot identify when we need to used past participle ,when we need to use simple past tense and when we need to use past perfect tense…

e.g

i haven’t gotten any invitation

or

i did not get any invitation

i had pass the examination

or

i have passed the examination

and if there any example that might be easier…could anyone share with me

The differences in use of simple past and present perfect are rather complex. I suggest that you start by reading THIS and THIS. And if you google the phrase simple past vs present perfect tense, you will find many examples and practice quizzes.