As I stated in the title, I’m confused about how to use verb “Hurt”.
Sometimes I see it as passive and sometimes as active verb, but i don’t really know how to use them.
For example,
I’m hurt. - passive - (I feel pain)
She hurts John. - Active - (John feel pain)
She hurts. - passive?- (She feel pain?)
Everybody hurts. - passive- (Everybody is in pain)
I’m confused why sometimes we need Verb to be in the sentence to make this verb passive, why sometimes we need not.
The verb “hurt” can be transitive or intransitive.
“She hurts” – intransitive (she feels pain)
“Everybody hurts” – intransitive (everybody feels pain)
“My head hurts” – intransitive (my head is painful)
“She hurts John” – transitive, active (she inflicts pain on John)
“John is hurt (by her)” – transitive, passive (John has pain inflicted on him by her)
“I’m hurt (by someone)” – transitive, passive (I have pain inflicted on me by someone)
Thus, “I’m hurt” and “I hurt”, for example, have broadly similar meanings.
In the passive sentences, “hurt” is the past participle (for example, “John is hurt” is grammatically analogous to “John is wounded”). “hurt” is one of a few verbs whose infinitive, past tense and past participle are identical.
By itself, “John is hurt”, “I’m hurt” etc. can be construed as passive, or “hurt” can be construed as adjectival, depending on context and emphasis. This is similar to many other past participles.