affect, influence, impact

Are these options interchangeable:

To affect the opinion
To influence on the opinion
To impact the opinion

To affect the opinion
To influence the opinion
To have an impact on the opinion

But ‘impact’ is found used as a verb.

You still need ‘on’ in that sentence.

Yes, but ‘on’ is not used in sentences with a semantic difference.

Look at what Oxford Dictionary says below.
[b]im·pact verb

  1. come into forcible contact with another object: “the shell impacted twenty yards away”
  2. have a strong effect on someone or something: “high interest rates have impacted on retail spending”[/b]

Look at Merriam-Webster for examples of ‘impact’ in a sentence.
No one is sure how these changes will impact our relations with other countries.
Both events negatively impacted her life.
The tax increase will impact low-income families the most.
A crater was formed at the point where the meteor impacted the planet’s surface.

[quote=“Irene29”]
Are these options interchangeable:
[color=blue]Why would you end a question with a colon?

None of that matters, as you still need ‘on’ with the original sentence, relating to ‘opinion’ (just as you need ‘on’ with the sentence you have quoted relating to ‘retail spending’).

Yes, but ‘on’ is used in sentences with a semantic difference.

The sentence that Irene asked about requires ‘on’.
You seem determined to argue for argument’s sake.

Yes, it should end with a question mark.

Only when you reach the end of the question, though.

Yes, but ‘on’ is not used in sentences with a semantic difference.

I wonder how you can end a question unless you reach the end of it. Let’s not argue for argument’s sake.

Ah, my point exactly.

I still wonder how you can end a question unless you reach the end of it.

Exactly!

Is there any rule when I can use ‘impact’ as a verb and when it’s necessary to use it as a part of ‘to have an impact on’? What does it depend on?

Some scholars would argue that it shouldn’t be used as a verb at all other than in the sense of ‘press closely/fix firmly’ as it was originally used), but modern use allows it and the word ‘impact’ has taken on the meaning of “to influence” in the way the verb ‘affect’ often does.
To use it with or without ‘on’ simply depends what follows and which option makes most sense.

Taking the three examples given (the original and Anglophile’s dictionary-found examples):
The shell impacted twenty yards away
high interest rates have impacted on retail spending
to have an impact on (the) opinion

it should be clear when you compare the three that there is a marked difference between the first sentence and the other two.
If we change the first sentence to include an object noun, then ‘on’ becomes necessary for me:
The shell impacted on the building twenty yards away.

Here are a few more views:
quickanddirtytips.com/educat … mpact-verb
public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/impact.html
grammarsnot.blogspot.co.uk/2008/ … ct-of.html

Thank you for the explanation, Bev!