I've been teaching it for years.

Alan, I am willing to admit that I am somewhat of a necrophile, since I enjoy taking Fowler to bed sometimes.

It is important to me whether teachers in general will approve of hypothetical/unreal “if it was … then it would …”. If you can assure me that they do, I will not correct it anymore. I am not entirely aware of current practice in schools, both those that teach native speakers and those that don’t: I’d like to know. I tutor a few students in Greek and Latin: I’ll ask them what their English grammar book says.

The distinction I make between “if it was” and “if it were” is at least not one I made up; it can be found in old and new grammar books and articles, though I don’t know whether it is in all that treat this subject. They say that “if it was” is past, and that “if it were” is not past, but rather unreal or hypothetical. I just found a sentence in The Times (2009) where “if it was” is correctly used, according to my theory, and “if he were” would be wrong, should anyone be interested.

timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/w … 866987.ece

Grammar Girl wrote in 2006/2009:
grammar.quickanddirtytips.com/su … -were.aspx

In these examples, “were” would be capable of replacing “was” without change of meaning if my distinction were false: but can it?

Thanks Cerberus!

I’ll be showing the essay to my proffesor tomorrow.

[i]Colin Mahoney’s Present Perfect Guide:
A common situation where the continuous form is used is to imply that the situation is about to change:

I’ve been living here for ten years. I think it’s time I moved on.

But note that the normal restrictions apply to verbs that don’t take continuous forms:

I’ve had this car since 1987. It’s time I changed it.
INCORRECT: I’ve been having this car since 1987. It’s time I changed it.[/i]

It’s hard for me to figure out what is going on with this last one… what does it mean by “normal restrictions apply to verbs that don’t take continous forms”? And, how come “having” is not a continous form?

The author says that the present perfect continuous is more likely than the regular present perfect to express an action that is about to end; but there are some verbs that cannot have the continuous form, like “to have” in the sense of possessing something: to these verbs, the distinction between present perfect and present perfect continuous here mentioned does not apply.

Hi Aikuzo,

It might be useful if you considered this ‘continuous or not’ choice in the light of the meaning of the verb itself. It’s not always helpful to learn lists of verbs where the continuous form is not appropriate. The idea of using a continuous form is obviously to express the idea of an action that is going on. But then in English as you know, there are verbs that can take on different meanings. ‘Have’ is a typical example. The first meaning is clearly ‘possess’ or ‘own’. In that sense using a continuous form is redundant/not needed because the idea of the ‘continuousness’ is within the verb itself. In other words you either have a car or you don’t and that apples every day as long as you keep it. But ‘have’ can also mean ‘experience’ as in this sentence: I have been having trouble with my car since last week.

This difference applies to all the verbs of perception such as hear/see/feel/smell and so on. We can say: I haven’t seen her for weeks and also Charlie and Mary have been seeing each other for weeks. In the second sentence ‘see’ is used to mean-go out with/date/take out.

Alan

So these are some of the things that confused me(not “have been confusing me” right?) from the beginning.

It’s getting clearer and clearer, but I’m not done yet. :lol: (Btw Alan, THANK YOU!!!) :lol:

If you were confused in the past, but you are no longer confused now, then you can say this:

  • These are some of the things that confused me in the beginning. (past simple)

If the confusion has been going on from the beginning right up until now, then it sounds as if your confusion has probably not ended yet. In addition, you confirmed that your confusion is still current when you wrote the sentence above. :lol: In that case, it would be better to use the present perfect simple or the present perfect continuous:

  • These are some of the things that have confused/have been confusing me from the beginning.
    [color=darkblue]

[size=75]“I’m not confused, I’m just well mixed.” ~ Robert Frost[/size]

Ahhhh, I used unfinished time on past simple. :cry:

Ok, I’m gonna try to be my own lawyer haha :lol: (but correct me if I’m wrong though.xD).

I considered that one, but I didn’t used it because I thought my confusion on “of the things(p.p. in general)” might still continue but my confusion on “some(the ‘continousness’ verbs Alan talked about)” which I’m trying to convey as the subject, is something I considered as done because I think that particular part won’t confuse me anymore.

But I think I still didn’t make it clear though. I probably should have said “It’s getting clearer and clearer, but I’m not done(or “haven’t done”)on the other parts yet.”.

Did I analyze it correctly though?

Hey, guys! I have found some of my posts are missing! Or, rather, been deleted. I really can’t believe that! Are you, Miss Cerberus, deleting my posts? You coward people! And I know this post is doomed to be deleted, too; and I am now assured that this forum is really a dictator ship. Shame on you!

Hi James,

Rest assured that only moderators can delete posts and then only if the material is of a nature that is offensive to other users.

Alan

Hi Alan,

The fact is, my post is missing, and no offensive to other users whatsoever; but no big deal. Please take a look at this from another thread, recently:

Is it a joke? I really have no idea! But I hope and expect that this forum, under your management, is not a dictatorship but a real Englishmanship.

Regards.

James

First of all, I can only delete a user account if it is a spam account, but never a single post, because I am no moderator. Secondly, I believe my deleting such accounts is restricted to very new users, or perhaps users that the moderators haven’t confirmed yet as “serious user”, since I have no spam button to click on near your name, for instance. But surely you will agree that moderators have the right to delete offensive posts.

The user Kitosad and I were talking about was not a spambot, but he kept saying things that deliberately confused others, insulted them, and were entirely irrelevant and unintelligible. He has been warned, but he kept doing the same things, after which the moderators deleted his account (not I). The same day he made a new account, annoyed others again, and didn’t reply to requests that he should be polite, so that his account was again deleted. He immediately made a new account and behaved in exactly the same way, and was deleted for the third time.

I don’t know what your post was about, but are you absolutely sure it isn’t in some other thread? If not, are you sure it was not rude? I do vaguely remember some ungentlemanly comments…

One thing for sure, Miss/Mrs/Mr Cerberus, is that I am not as gentlemanly as you. Let me ask you a few questions and I am sure you will answer them like a gentleman.

  1. I am no moderator, too, but I am about three years “older” than you. Like other “no moderators”, I can never delete anything on this website. Why and how can you do that? Are you not special? How can we believe you and all the “authorities” of this site?

  2. I hate spams, too, and I respect your opinion on this point: we should have some rules in any activities including that of this forum. However, people with authorities tend to misuse them for their own interests or purposes as they stay in authority for a long time, or even a short time. That’s why we are called sinners (as one aspect) in western culture and the democratic system has been established first in western countries. If the misuse also happens in here, it is worse than spams and the misusers worse than ungentlemen. Don’t you agree?

  3. It seems to me that we have something in common, especially concerning the gentlemanship. However, how to define a real gentleman? If a person seemingly polite but cowardly uses his/her power in treating the weak or ignoring fair play spirit, can she/he be considered as a gentle(wo)man?

  4. After all, we should respect free speech to become a gentleman, shouldn’t we?

I am looking forward to your gentlemanly reply.

Best regards,

James

Ok, bear with me guys, as I decided to post my essays here to keep honing my skills on present perfect tense.

Here goes: :slight_smile:

I Was Born for Success
When I was a child, I was a very awkward skinny guy who was always being picked on. I failed with my grades, in my relationship with my family, in my social life, and just in everything I did. Two years ago, I finally decided to get my life figured out. I started reading books on self-improvement as much as I could to began my path for my biggest goals and aspirations. I started to work on removing my bad habits like alcoholism, and anything else that were holding me back to helped me gain more focus in life.
As I was surfing the Internet to have more resources for self-improvement, I found a guy who teaches a philosophy of life that fascinates me. That man, who also became my mentor, tells us his student that “If you are in any point in your life when you’re about to decide between two distinct choices, be sure to choose the one that gives you the best memories”. I traveled to Austin months ago to meet with him so I could learn more about his teachings. I was inspired when he told me how similar his story was when he was starting out in life to mine now that I’m starting out. I still remember when he said to me to keep doing only what I love.
I’ve been honing my writing skills for two weeks to prepare myself to become a successful article marketer very soon. I gained friends I can connect with on times when I am in trouble, who encourage me as well to keep moving forward. I am grateful to have parents who give me financial support for all my needs for success. With these progress that I have made, I really do feel that it’s just a matter of time for my success.

This reminds of the time my friend went to visit a Chinese philosopher for advice on one matter or another. He was widely known as having attained the utter limits of courtesy, neglecting neither punctilio nor geniality, displaying a sincere interest in his guests while meticulously caring for their comfort. Planning to show him at least as much kindness and politeness, she dressed her best and brought a Ming statuette that had belonged to her grandmother, which she knew fitted perfectly in his collection. She would not have it be said that her courtesy was any less than that of another.

He received her most cordially, performed all the necessary bows and compliments to perfection, asked her sincerely about her trip, &c. She for one assured him of the high regard in which she held his knowledge, praising his work and showing a real interest in it. He presented her the finest rice cookies his wife had baked that very day, waited for just the right amount of time before offering her more tea, and gave her the impression that her insights into his work were original and fascinating.

She actually enjoyed their conversation very much; so much so, that for a split second she picked up her cup but left the saucer on the table. She immediately realized her mistake and gracefully put the cup back; even though he didn’t seem to notice her lapse at all, she was forced to admit that his hospitality and politeness, on the other hand, had been impeccable.

Since the length of her visit was now nearing its proper limit, she considered it a fitting moment to give him the statuette. “My dear friend, it is about time that I should leave you to your musings. Oh, I nearly forgot: there is this trinket from my grandmother’s attic that I wish to give you; I do not know much about this kind of sculpture myself, so that I hope it will give you more joy than it could me.” He did not, of course, fall into the trap of refusing a gift: he accepted it with profuse thanks, while exuberantly expressing his admiration of it. She said it was nothing, thanked him most warmly for his willingness to receive her, and let him escort her to the door.

He told her what a pity it was that she couldn’t stay longer, how inspiring her ideas had been, and what joy it would bring him to soon receive her again - and yet, though he never so much as blinked, she had an intuitive feeling as though he had to admit that her courtesy had been greater than his. He performed the most elaborate bow possible that did not exceed the bounds of etiquette, handed her a basket of cookies, complimented her again on her philosophical theories, &c. She accepted all with the utmost gratitude, made him even more compliments, curtsied profusely, &c., &c.

Without another lapse of manners she reached the safety of the gate to the street. How wonderful that she should have won! He must surely be upset now that her courtesy had trumped his. She felt very good about herself. Then like lightning the idea struck her: he must have let her win on purpose. In so doing he had made her feel very good about herself, thereby ultimately being the most courteous one himself. She cursed herself for her own naivete.

Then again, he had caused her to curse herself: was that not a bad thing? Had she won after all? Pondering this infinite loop she left the village.

Very nice. You made me feel that I could afford to leave everything else behind or for the next century.

Like her, I am involved in this infinite loop, too. She felt good first and cursed next because she realized she had been made feel so. The problem is, could the wise man possibly feel cursed, too, after he realized that he had in fact made the girl feel cursed?

We are, more or less, all in this loop ourselves, aren’t we? We make money to feel good at the cost of others losing money, gain power at the cost of others losing power, win at the cost of others losing… Alas, this planet is not a utopia! But that’s alright, and that’s human.

If we are satisfied with being a teacher, a student, a wise man, a girl…, we’d better forget about the loop, and just play the games with others, making efforts to win the losing games. If we are not, we’d better recall the Beatitudes, especially the Second: Blessed are those who mourn, For they shall be comforted.

Thanks anyway, Cerberus; you made me “pondering”, too.

James

Hi Cerberus,

I think you taught me about ‘prehistoric present’ before. Can I also use it on “to be” verbs?

  • You know what he did yesterday? He throws the coins in the river!
  • I remember when I had my first sale when I was young, me and my friends were like “whoaaaaaaa”! (Can I also say ‘me and my friends are like’ to raise the vividness?)

The old man might very well have felt bad about himself and found himself in the same loop; then again, perhaps he didn’t care and just wanted to be extremely polite but remain so on the lowest level.

There are more things that are systems of communicating vessels, money being indeed a prime example, but not that many. At least power can rise without taking it from others, as by technological advancement. Animals successfully form communities because the majority of the things that help them survive and procreate are not systems of c.v…

Incidentally, do you see the above message from Facade? That is most probably incarnation no. 4. Would you delete his account?

Yes, you can use it with “to be” as well. By the way, I think it is best to use the historic present whenever it comes up naturally, not as an artificial instrument that you add based on rules. That said, I will add this:

  • A switch from simple past to historic present is like a camera’s zooming in: it changes the perspective of the story a bit.

  • Such a switch would normally occur when you, for example, switch from background information to main storyline, or when you switch from one subject to another.

  • That is why it is a bit less common in the middle of a sentence.

  • There are many adverbs that express a time in the past by referring to the present. Yesterday = the day before today; two years ago = two years before now; last summer = the summer before now.

  • The historic present is basically free to go where it wants, but it is less likely to be very close to such adverbial constituents, because, with these, a contrast between past and present is in some way still in the writer’s mind; the historic present can be used when the writer is not thinking of this contrast because it is not important.

So I’ll just have to use my instinct on that and use it in a way that sounds natural for me and for the audience.

Btw, Cerberus, I had my proffesor tutor me for about half an hour yesterday about that first essay(we’re half way done). We were laughing the entire time because I kept on looking on each sentence checking to see if I could add a present perfect LOL.

How’s my paper? Well, he made many correction on other parts of speech, style etc. But… all my p.p. tenses so far are correct! (YES!)

So far so good, :lol: but thanks! :lol: