Is it necessary to enclose quotation marks around "freedom and independence"?

“Merdeka” means freedom and independence.

Is it necessary to enclose quotation marks around “freedom and independence”?

Thanks.

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I don’t think there is a hard rule for this but I would use single quotation marks here.

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I would say no quotation marks (single or double) are usually necessary. However, since the term is not English, it (MERDEKA) may be put within single inverted commas as Torsten suggests.

If it had been an English word, it could have been treated like this: An architect means a person who designs buildings.

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