READING PASSAGE:
In many organizations, perhaps the best way to approach certain new projects is to assemble a group of people into a team. Having a team of people attack a project offers several advantages. First of all, a group of people has a wider range of knowledge,expertise, and skills than any single individual is likely to possess. Also, because of the numbers of people involved and the greater resources they possess, a group can work more quickly in response to the task assigned to it and can come up with highly creative solutions to problems and issues. Sometimes these creative solutions come about because a group is more likely to make risky decisions that an individual might not undertake. This is because the group spreads responsibility for a decision to all the members and thus no single individual can be held accountable if the decision turns out to be wrong.
Taking part in a group process can be very rewarding for members of the team. Team members who have a voice in making a decision will no doubt feel better about carrying out the work that is entailed by the decision than they might doing work that is imposed on them by others. Also, the individual team member has a much better chance to “shine”, to get his or her contributions and ideas not only recognized but recognized as highly significant, because a team’s overall results can be more far-reaching and have greater impact than what might have otherwise been possible for the person to accomplish or contribute working
ESSAY:
The passage and the lecture is about a work in team is beneficial or not. The readings states that working as a team is advantage where as the lecturer refutes it by arguing that teamwork has some disadvantages. He supports his points by mentioning about contribution , quickness of work and influence of some people on team.
first of all, writer mentions that teamwork is beneficial for company by mean of expanded knowledge, extra skills that comes together in team. that contributes lot in company. In contrast , Speaker claims that some people shows less efforts and contribution in team. so that we can recognize true contributors in good team work.
Second, Writer states that group responses at faster rate comparatively individual. Passage also supports that in group it is easy to make risky decision with experienced staff in team. In those case , Speaker points out that group cannot work at faster speed as everyone do not complete on time. And another thing is some time experienced staff do not consider new ideas from other team member as follows those by whom they are influenced in group.
lastly, Passage states that team can work more creatively as there is group of people with different ideas. On the other hand, Lecture dismisses this point by arguing that if certain creative ideas for changes given by team member is being ignored and project is failed then failure comes on group.
In conclusion, author agrees that teamwork has its advantages. Lecture reinforces this reading by pointing out by giving reasons which supports his argues.
TOEFL listening lectures: An organism that generates internal heat is called what?