Hearts and Crosses - O Henry! Can you explain this story for me?

I have a lot of questions about this short story. Could you please help me with this?

  1. What does “The tonsorial recourse being without avail” mean?
  2. What does "“Its a title," explained Baldy, "up among the picture-cards; but it dont take no tricks.” mean? Why do the author use double negative?
  3. Why can he use passive sentence with the verb ‘get’?
  4. What about “turn from the bottom of the deck.” I know this means cheating, but I don’t understand why? Can you explain this?
  5. What does "you was some tallow. " mean? The meaning of “tallow” seems not to fit the context?
  6. Why does the author list all steps of killing cows for food “]on the hoof–dressed–dried–corned”?
  7. I don’t understand anything about “It`s a kind of short-card pseudonym. You come in sort of between Jack-high and a four-card flush.” What does it mean?
  8. What does “companeros” mean? Is it foreign word?

I tried using the Dictionary and Internet very hard but I can’t understand them. This part of the short story has taken me several days, and it seems that I will need more time to completely understand it.

And what does “don`t amount to a knot in a stake rope” mean?