[color=blue]1. One Speaks English here. (On a notice outside a shop)
This one was made probably because the personâs native language has no passive voice. It could also be because the language has an impersonal pronoun that is used in such cases. There could be a cluster of other reasons, but in the US, the sign would most likely say, [color=red]English spoken here.
[color=blue]2. No one of them answered my letters.
âNo oneâ is probably a direct translation from their own language. In some languages I know, they use their equivalent of ânobodyâ or âno oneâ in that situation. We say â[color=red]none of themâ, as you pointed out.
[color=blue]3. He has used up all that I gave him.
Depending on the context, this sentence is not necessarily a mistake.
[color=blue]4. After lunch we went to shopping.
Chinese speakers make this mistake a lot. I think itâs because of interference from a structure in their own language. In Chinese, people can also be âat shoppingâ.
[color=blue]5. I have finished the composition this morning.
If it is still morning, this sentence is not necessarily a mistake. If it is past noon, it is a mistake. This most probably comes from a person who has no present perfect in their language, or speaks a language in which the present perfect has the same meaning as the simple past. German and Spanish speakers have this problem, for example.
[color=blue]6. Please take your dinner with us.
Some English speakers say they âtake lunchâ or âtake dinnerâ. This may just be an overextension of this idiom.
[color=blue]7. I didnât ate it because I am not eating pork.
Some foreign speakers donât understand that the helping verb already carries the tense and that they donât have to put the main verb into the past. In the second clause, it could be because the person thinks that the present continuous expresses imperfective aspect, while the simple present expresses perfective aspect. Many ESL students have this misconception. Speakers of Polish and other Slavic languages do this all the time.
[color=blue]8. We enjoyed so much at the beach.
The personâs own language probably has a word for âenjoy oneselfâ that does not take a direct object. Here we would say, â[color=red]We enjoyed ourselves so much at the beach!â
[color=blue]9. The driver damaged his arm and three passengers
were destroyed. Only one was not wounded in the
accident.
This person has problems with vocabulary. Very simple.
[color=blue]10. She leaves in an apartment
This is accent interference. The person hasnât learned to produce (or even hear) the high front lax vowel, and so doesnât make a distinction between âliveâ and âleaveâ.