Does "through which" here refer to the trees or does it refer to the valley-land itself?

Does “through which” here refer to the trees or does it refer to the valley-land itself?

It was a green valley-land dotted with trees through which he caught the gleam of a river that wound away roughly to the Northwest.

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He would be looking through the trees.

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In the absence of a comma after ‘trees’, we can infer that it refers to the ‘trees’.

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