De-duplication

what is the meaning of de-duplication?

Do not post unrelated questions on an existing thread, Omprakash. That is called ‘hijacking a thread’. When you have a new question, please start a new thread.

From the Free Dictionary:

deduplication

A method for compressing data by storing only changes to the original data. For example, when a document is created, it is stored as a regular, complete file. When changes are made, deduplication stores only the data that has been modified in a subsequent file with indexes to the original. The changes may be identified by bytes or blocks.

In file deduplication, only one copy of the file is stored even though it may be referenced from many sources. For example, if the same attachment is used in several e-mail messages, the second and subsequent messages are changed to link to the original attachment rather than duplicating it each time.

Up until now, only 13 states have signed up to CSC, and only 4, including the United States, have ratified it.

Is this sentence grammatical correct?
It should be like this:- Until now, only 13 states have signed to CSC, and only 4, including the United States, have ratified it.
There is no need to use UP in above sentence.

thnx sir

There is no grammatical necessity to include ‘up’, but it does add meaning: it emphasizes the period of time. What is ‘CSC’?

CSC is convention on supplementary compensation. It is international convention to provide compensation to the country those are affected by nuclear disaster.
India is 14th country to have signed it. Till now, four country ratified it and 14 country signed it

Then I think you need to add a word:

Up until now, only 13 states have signed up to the CSC, and only 4, including the United States, have ratified it.

thank you sir

A compensation of Rs. 3 lakh each [color=darkred][size=150]to be[/size] paid to 21 boys.

In above sentence can we use ’ is to be’ or ‘be’ in place of ‘to be’. if yes then what is the difference between the them.

If that is your ‘complete’ sentence, then ‘is’ is required. What you now have is only a sentence fragment.

complete sentence is
A compensation of Rs 3 lakh each to be paid to the 21 boys; action under the law against the policemen who tortured and framed the boys; recovery of the compensation amounts from the salaries of the guilty policemen and award of character certificates to the boys to enable them to “return to normal life,free from the suspicion of being criminally inclined”.

Sorry, but that is still not a complete sentence. Each phrase (between semicolons) needs a main verb. Or, you can add a main clause with this whole ‘sentence’ as its object.

Sir,
I am very confused to use [color=darkred][size=150]to be, be , is/are to be[/size] in the sentences.
There is one more sentence to create confusion to me. This sentence is from the prestigious news paper, The Hindu, of India.
The states were required to use the planning commission’s micro estimates of poverty and apply it with the rank list of rural households[color=darkred] [size=200]to be[/size] provided by center.

The states were required to use the planning commission’s micro estimates of poverty and apply it with the rank list of rural households to be provided by center.

Unlike your phrases, this is a complete sentence. I have bolded the main verbs. ‘To be provided’ is a passive infinitive of the verb ‘provide’. The infinitive phrase ‘to be provided by center’ is a modifier of ‘lists’. The infinitive indicates the potentiality of the provision (it hasn’t happened yet).

BE
use of be
1.The DMK , political party, earlier demanded that Prime Minister be covered under the Lok Pal Bill.
2.The Commission recommended that the imperial and provisional Civil Services be put on a footing of social equailty.

In above sentences in place of be we should use should be. If yes then what is the difference between.

You can use either ‘be’ or ‘should be’. This ‘should’ is called the 'putative “should” ’ and is a primarily BrE alternative to the subjunctive ‘be’.

thnaks sir